From freckles and age spots to scarring, many things can make your complexion look uneven. While harmless, uneven skin may prompt some people into trying various skin lightening products.
While there are many skin lightening products and solutions on the market, they aren’t all created equal, and some could even be dangerous. Knowing what to look for can help you choose a safe option if you find yourself wanting a more even complexion.
Hyperpigmentation, or dark spots, can be caused by acne scars, excessive sun exposure, or hormonal changes, according to David E. Bank, MD, of NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital.
“There are a variety of creams and serums that patients can use to help lighten, brighten, and diminish dark areas over time,” he said.
Each of these treatment options come with some risks. Read on to find which option may work best for you.
Hydroquinone creams and serums
Perhaps the most popular solution for skin lightening on a spot-by-spot basis is topical solutions containing hydroquinone.
A 2013 study found potential benefits for facial melasma, which causes patches of discoloration. More research is needed to determine the full scope of effectiveness.
While previously available over-the-counter (OTC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) changed the status of hydroquinone in 2021 and it is now only available as a prescription.
While deemed safe for use in cosmetic products, the concentration of hydroquinone is limited because it poses greater risks at higher concentrations.
In fact, in South Africa, it’s not legal for any use at all. It’s also classified as “expected to be toxic or harmful” in Canada.
There are concerns that this ingredient could cause cancer, but the existing research is limited.
It’s recommended that people only use products containing hydroquinone on a short-term basis, if at all. If you experience irritation, unusual darkening of the skin, or any other side effects, stop using it immediately.
