The last Muslim dynasty who ruled over Indo-Pak subcontinent
was the Mughal Dynasty (1526-1857). The Muslim Rule in the
Indo-Pak subcontinent started with Mohammad bin Qasim’s
rule in Sindh and Multan in 712 AD. Various Amirs, Sultans
and Kings ruled over the subcontinent. For the first three
centuries, the Muslim Rule was confined to almost the present
areas of Pakistan, but Sultan Shahabuddin Ghori, Sultan of
Ghazni under whose control was the present Afghanistan and
Pakistan, extended the Muslim Rule to the whole of Northern
India and present Bangladesh in 1192 after his victory in the
second Battle of Tarain. His slave general Qutbuddin Aibak
claimed himself as the first Sultan of Delhi after the death of
Ghori in 1206. Before the Mughals, the Sultans of Delhi
followed Islamic policies in different phases. The Mughals
followed them with some new trends introduced by Jalaluddin
Akbar (1556-1605) which were opposed by Hazrat Mujadid
Alaf Sani of Sirhand. However, the debate over Akbar’s
policies in terms of Islam continued, until the time of King
Aurangzeb. In the War of Succession between the four sons of
King Shah Jahan was actually considered a major battle
between Aurganzeb representing the Mujadid school of thought
and Dara Shikoh representing the Akbar’s liberal school of
thought. In this battle the success of Aurangzeb was considered
the victory of the Mujadid school of thought because majority
of the Mansabdars and Mughal aristocracy was favorable to
Aurangzeb. After becoming King, Aurangzeb tried to restore
